On May 18, 2025, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) faced a rare setback when its Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C61) failed to place the EOS-09 (RISAT-1B) Earth observation satellite into orbit. This mission was particularly significant as the satellite was intended to bolster India’s surveillance capabilities, especially along sensitive border regions.
What Went Wrong?
The PSLV-C61 lifted off from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota at 5:59 AM IST. While the first and second stages of the rocket performed nominally, the mission encountered an anomaly during the third stage. ISRO Chairman V. Narayanan explained that there was a drop in chamber pressure in the third stage’s solid rocket motor, which prevented the satellite from reaching its intended orbit .
This failure is notable as it marks one of the few instances where the PSLV, often regarded as ISRO’s workhorse, did not achieve its mission objectives. The PSLV has been instrumental in launching various satellites, including those for India’s Mars and Moon missions.
Implications for National Security
The EOS-09 satellite was designed to enhance India’s all-weather, day-and-night Earth observation capabilities. Its failure to reach orbit implies a temporary gap in surveillance, particularly in monitoring activities along the borders. Such capabilities are crucial for real-time intelligence and ensuring national security.
Moreover, the setback could delay the deployment of subsequent satellites planned to strengthen India’s defense and disaster management infrastructure. Timely and accurate satellite data is vital for strategic planning and response.
ISRO’s Response and the Road Ahead
ISRO has initiated a detailed analysis to ascertain the exact cause of the failure. Preliminary observations suggest that the anomaly was confined to the third stage, with the first two stages performing as expected . The organization is known for its resilience and commitment to learning from setbacks, as evidenced by its swift recovery from previous mission challenges.
In the broader context, while this failure is a setback, it also serves as a reminder of the complexities involved in space missions. Continuous advancements in technology and rigorous testing protocols are essential to mitigate such risks in the future.
As ISRO continues its endeavors, the focus will be on ensuring the reliability of its launch vehicles and the timely deployment of critical satellites to maintain and enhance India’s strategic capabilities in space.
